Course Descriptions


Biology Courses

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  • BIO 1040 Fundamentals of Bioinfomatics

    BIO 1040 Fundamentals of Bioinfomatics

    Credit Hours: 3

    This course is intended to provide an overview of bioinfomatics. Biological phenomenon including genomic studies, evolutionary studies, and population studies require the use of computer science. This course will introduce the science underlying these types of studies. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

  • BIO 1090 Current Topics in Biology

    BIO 1090 Current Topics in Biology

    Credit Hours: 3

    The fundamental nature of biology as a science which is of special concern and importance to an intellectually well-rounded college graduate facing the challenges of understanding the constantly changing complexities of the living world around us. This course will provide the non-specialist with the information required for making intelligent choices about issues that are scientific, social, political, and economic in nature. This course cannot be used for credit toward a major in Biology. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

  • BIO 1099 Special Topics in Biology

    BIO 1099 Special Topics in Biology

    Credit Hours: 1 TO 3

    Covers topics of current interest in Biology. Topics may vary each semester.

  • BIO 1200 General Biology I

    BIO 1200 General Biology I

    Credit Hours: 3

    Introduction to biological phenomena designed to acquaint the student with biological principles and their applications to living systems. Emphasis is on structure and function at the molecular-cellular level of organization in plants and animals. Also includes an analysis of the basic principles of inheritance as seen in various living forms. This course is normally offered every fall, winter, and summer semester.

  • BIO 1210 General Biology Laboratory I

    BIO 1210 General Biology Laboratory I

    Credit Hours: 2

    An introduction to the experimental nature of the science of biology. Laboratory exercises demonstrate physical, physiological and biochemical processes that are important to life. The diversity of life is explored by observing both living and prepared specimens from the Kingdoms Protista, Monera, Fungi, and Plantae and by correlating form with function. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 1220 General Biology II

    BIO 1220 General Biology II

    Credit Hours: 3

    A continuation of BIO 1200. The course is an introduction to biology at the organismal and population levels. Topics include physiology, embryology and development, ecology, evolution and animal behavior. BIO 1200 is not a prerequisite. This course is normally offered every fall, winter, and summer semester.

  • BIO 1230 General Biology Laboratory II

    BIO 1230 General Biology Laboratory II

    Credit Hours: 2

    Continuation of BIO 1210 with laboratory exercises emphasizing evolution, population growth, survey of Kingdom Animalia, mammalian structure and function, and fundamentals of vertebrate embryology. BIO 1210 is not a prerequisite. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2040 Applied Nutrition

    BIO 2040 Applied Nutrition

    Credit Hours: 3

    Principles of normal nutrition, with emphasis on functions, requirements, sources, and deficiencies of nutrients in all stages of the life cycle. Weight control, energy balance and nutritional assessments are discussed. This course is normally offered every fall, winter, and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2320 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2100 Science Careers Exploration

    BIO 2100 Science Careers Exploration

    Credit Hours: 2

    This course is designed to provide students with an opportunity to explore science and pre-health career options to help students transform career indecision into action. As a result, students will be more confident moving forward, be able to begin networking themselves in their choice profession, and be able to tailor their future courses and extracurricular activities. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • CHM 1070 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2200 Research Laboratory Basics

    BIO 2200 Research Laboratory Basics

    Credit Hours: 1 OR 2

    This one credit course is designed to introduce and enhance basic laboratory practices and methods to students that are interested in laboratory research within the College of Engineering and Science. In addition, it would serve as reinforcement for laboratory techniques that will be practiced in upper level science laboratory courses. This course is a prerequisite for BIO 4920 (Laboratory Research). This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1210 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2300 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lecture I

    BIO 2300 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lecture I

    Credit Hours: 3

    Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology is designed to demonstrate the means through which the human body maintains homeostasis, an internal environment limited to the parameters necessary for life. This course is designed to provide students with a systemic overview of physiology through the integration of concepts previously developed in biology, chemistry, and physics courses. The lecture series is organized in a manner that demonstrates the interrelationships of organ systems with emphasis on recurrent concepts that underline basic homeostatic balance. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2310 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2310 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory I

    BIO 2310 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory I

    Credit Hours: 1

    This introductory anatomy course provides health professional students with an understanding of both the structure and organization of the human body. This course may not be used for credit toward a major in Biology. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2320 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lecture II

    BIO 2320 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lecture II

    Credit Hours: 3

    Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology is designed to demonstrate the means through which the human body maintains homeostasis, an internal environment limited to the parameters necessary for life. This course is designed to provide students with a systemic overview of physiology through the integration of concepts previously developed in biology, chemistry, and physics courses. The lecture series is organized in a manner that demonstrates the interrelationships of organ systems with emphasis on recurrent concepts that underline basic homeostatic balance. This course is normally offered every winter and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2330 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2330 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab II

    BIO 2330 Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab II

    Credit Hours: 1

    This introductory anatomy course provides health professional students with an understanding of both the structure and organization of the human body. This course may not be used for credit toward a major in Biology. This course is normally offered every winter and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2320 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2410 General Microbiology

    BIO 2410 General Microbiology

    Credit Hours: 3

    Survey of public health microbiology: prokaryotes and eukaryotes, control of microorganisms, immunology, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa; introduction to infectious disease. This course may not be used for credit toward a major in biology. This course is normally offered every fall and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • CHM 1015 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 1025 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 1040 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 1050 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)

    Corequisites:

    • BIO 2420
  • BIO 2420 General Microbiology Laboratory

    BIO 2420 General Microbiology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 1

    Experimental laboratory: handling, control, isolation and identification of microorganisms that are of interest to public health. This course may not be used for credit toward a major in Biology This course is normally offered every fall and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2300 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • CHM 1015 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 1025 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 1040 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)

    Corequisites:

    • BIO 2410
  • BIO 2530 Introduction to One Health

    BIO 2530 Introduction to One Health

    Credit Hours: 3

    This course will introduce and expand upon the idea and discipline of One Health – the intersection between human, animal, and ecosystem health - and the collaborative work done by multiple disciplines at local, national, and global scales to balance and protect the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. The importance of One Health, the One Health Triad, the practice of One Health, One Health communication and advocacy, and the role of the humanities in One Health will be explored. This course is intended as a foundation for future studies in One Health by students in all disciplines, a preparation for future healthcare professionals to engage in One Health work as part of their practice, and a way for students of the Health Humanities to expand their sphere of knowle

  • BIO 2600 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

    BIO 2600 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

    Credit Hours: 3

    Structural and physiological adaptations that have evolved among vertebrates, which permit them to live in various kinds of habitats. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution and diversity of organ systems. This course is normally offered every fall, winter, and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2610 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory

    BIO 2610 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    Detailed study of slides and other demonstration material, together with dissection of selected vertebrate types. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2700 Genetics

    BIO 2700 Genetics

    Credit Hours: 3

    The study of heredity. The course covers Mendelian genetics, molecular and biochemical genetics, quantitative inheritance and population genetics. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2710 Genetics Laboratory

    BIO 2710 Genetics Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    An experimental laboratory course designed to employ valuable techniques which are unique to the science and illustrate principles presented in BIO 2700 Genetics. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2840 Animal Behavior

    BIO 2840 Animal Behavior

    Credit Hours: 3

    Animal behavior is the study of the evolution of behavior. The course focuses on the genetic, physiological and ecological basis of behavior. Topics include courtship behavior, foraging behavior, social behavior, migration, learning, aggression, and altruistic behavior. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 2900 Biostatistics

    BIO 2900 Biostatistics

    Credit Hours: 3

    A stochastical and numerical analysis of biological data. Topics include parametric tests, non-parametric tests and basic concepts in experimental design. This course is normally offered every fall, winter, and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • MTH 1400 to MTH 1410 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3000 Bioinformatics of Bacteriophage Genomes

    BIO 3000 Bioinformatics of Bacteriophage Genomes

    Credit Hours: 2

    This course offers an in-depth introduction to bioinformatics and genomics with a specific focus on bacteriophages. Students will engage in hands-on computational analyses to annotate bacteriophage genomes discovered in the SEA-PHAGES sections of BIO1210. This course will count toward the upper level laboratory requirements of the Bachelor of Science degree for Biology majors. Normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 2200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3201 Applied Metagenomics

    BIO 3201 Applied Metagenomics

    Credit Hours: 3

    A research-based course where students will learn how to survey microbial communities using next-generation-sequencing technology and supercomputing. The course fulfills one of the upper-level laboratory requirements of the Biology major. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4750 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 4700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 4710 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3202 Metagenomic Research

    BIO 3202 Metagenomic Research

    Credit Hours: 4

    A research-based course where students will learn how to survey community composition from environmental DNA. Experiments will use third-generation sequencing technology and supercomputing. The course fulfills one of the upper-level laboratory requirements of the Biology Major and requirements in the Research Concentration and Genetics Concentration. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4740 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 4700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • CHM 4710 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3300 Tropical Ecology

    BIO 3300 Tropical Ecology

    Credit Hours: 4

    An introduction to Neotropical biodiversity, natural history and conservation, as well as an examination of the diversity of tropical species interactions in an international research environment. This travel embedded course meets regularly throughout the semester and travels to Mexico's western Sierra Madre during Spring Break to conduct independent field-research projects.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1250 (Minimum Grade of C-, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3400 Cancer Biology

    BIO 3400 Cancer Biology

    Credit Hours: 3

    Cancer biology is designed to acquaint the student with the development and treatment of neoplasms. The course will focus on the cellular and molecular level of cancer as well as will provide the student with an understanding of how to interpret current scientific literature that pertains to cancer. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3500 Histology

    BIO 3500 Histology

    Credit Hours: 3

    Descriptive analysis of mammalian tissue and organ morphology. Special emphasis is placed on the correlation of structure with function as seen in the human. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 3650 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • DENT 1000 (Minimum Grade of P, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3510 Histology Laboratory

    BIO 3510 Histology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    Comprehensive study of microscope slides which illustrate the tissues and organs discussed in BIO 3500. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Corequisites:

    • BIO 3500
  • BIO 3650 Human Anatomy

    BIO 3650 Human Anatomy

    Credit Hours: 3

    An in-depth analysis of the major areas of gross human structure that builds upon the fundamentals of mammalian anatomy as learned previously in BIO 2600. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2610 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3660 Human Anatomy Laboratory

    BIO 3660 Human Anatomy Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 1

    Demonstrative laboratory that correlates topics discussed in BIO 3650 on a microscopic and gross level using microscopy and prosections, respectively. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4801 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 3650 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3700 Developmental Biology

    BIO 3700 Developmental Biology

    Credit Hours: 3

    Comparative chordate embryology with examples drawn from the development of the frog, chick and pig. The emphasis is on understanding how events at the level of the gene lead to the formation of organs and systems. This course is normally offered every other winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4801 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3710 Developmental Biology Laboratory

    BIO 3710 Developmental Biology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    Microscope study of slides together with experiments which are illustrative of the material discussed in BIO 3700. This course is normally offered every other winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 3700 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3750 Human Genetics

    BIO 3750 Human Genetics

    Credit Hours: 3

    Course topics include Mendelian inheritance in man, chromosomal aberrations, mutation, polygenic inheritance, studies of the human genome, probability and genetic counseling. This course is normally offered every other fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3800 Principles of Neurophysiology

    BIO 3800 Principles of Neurophysiology

    Credit Hours: 3

    This course will provide basic knowledge about modern neuroscience. Upon completion of this course students should have an understanding of how neural signals are generated and how neurons communicate with each other. They should also have an understanding of how the vertebrate nervous system works as a whole to provide sensory information, control movement, and have higher brain functions. Students should be able to extrapolate what you learn to relevant topics outside of this course. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 3950 Advanced Microbial Phage Genomics: SEA-GENES

    BIO 3950 Advanced Microbial Phage Genomics: SEA-GENES

    Credit Hours: 4

    This laboratory course will explore the methods of bacterial cloning, PCR, DNA isolation, phage toxicity, two-hybrid protein interactions, and gene function assignments in the context of bacteriophage biology. This course will count toward the upper level laboratory requirements of the Bachelor of Science degree for Biology majors. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4101 Urban Evolutionary Biology

    BIO 4101 Urban Evolutionary Biology

    Credit Hours: 3

    This course is design to have students gain a greater appreciation of biological diversity, evolutionary scales, and natural variation. Specifically, to learn the theory of evolution as it pertains to the biology of urban environments, including genetics, physiology, behavior, inter-specific interactions, metapopulations, and landscape ecology. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2900 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4200 Evolution

    BIO 4200 Evolution

    Credit Hours: 3

    A discussion of organic evolution. Evidence of evolution, mechanisms driving evolution, population genetics, and forces causing biological diversity are emphasized. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4210 Microbiology

    BIO 4210 Microbiology

    Credit Hours: 3

    The biology of microorganisms: microbial cell structure, growth and reproduction, virology, molecular genetics, plasmids, transposons, microbial ecology, food microbiology, infectious disease, and industrial microbiology. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4220 Microbiology Laboratory

    BIO 4220 Microbiology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    An experimental laboratory course designed to employ valuable techniques which are unique to the science and illustrate principles presented in BIO 4210. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 4210 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4250 Immunology

    BIO 4250 Immunology

    Credit Hours: 3

    A study of the immune system and immune responses. Topics include: antigens, antibodies, complement, antigen-antibody reactions, monoclonal antibodies, immunogenetics, cell mediated immunity, immune modulation, allergy, autoimmunity, immune proliferation and deficiency diseases, immunity to infection and transplantation, tumor immunology, immunity and cancer. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4350 Fundamentals of Pharmacology

    BIO 4350 Fundamentals of Pharmacology

    Credit Hours: 3

    This course will provide basic knowledge of pharmacology. Upon its completion you should have an understanding of drug action in the framework of human physiology. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 4630 (Minimum Grade of B-, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4480 Ecology

    BIO 4480 Ecology

    Credit Hours: 3

    An overview of the biological, chemical, and physical processes found in ecosystems. Also included are factors affecting biological population structures, interactions and evolution. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of D, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of D, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • CHM 1070 (Minimum Grade of D, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • CHM 1080 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • MTH 1400 to MTH 1410 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4490 Ecology Laboratory

    BIO 4490 Ecology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    A laboratory course designed to augment the principles discussed in BIO 4480. Ecological concepts are illustrated by experimentation and analysis of data. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2900 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4630 Physiology

    BIO 4630 Physiology

    Credit Hours: 3

    An analysis of the specific contribution of each human organ system toward the maintenance of a stable internal environment. The integration of these contributions is used to understand the concepts of homeostasis and its alteration in disease states This course is normally offered every winter and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • DENT 1000 (Minimum Grade of P, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • PAS 1010 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4801 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4640 Physiology Laboratory

    BIO 4640 Physiology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    Demonstration of physiological topics discussed in BIO 4630 with emphasis on animal model systems that explore concepts in experimental design. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 4630 (Minimum Grade of D, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4740 Cell and Molecular Biology

    BIO 4740 Cell and Molecular Biology

    Credit Hours: 3

    An examination of basic concepts and experimental methodologies of cellular and molecular biology. Lecture presentations examine how genes work, proteins function, and study membrane structure and function. The course emphasizes cell interactions. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2700 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4750 Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory

    BIO 4750 Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory

    Credit Hours: 2

    Exercises demonstrating basic principles of biochemistry and cytochemistry used to investigate cellular organelles and their physiology. Included is an introduction to current molecular biology techniques and procedures. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 4740 (Minimum Grade of D, May be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 2710 (Minimum Grade of D, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4801 Advanced Human Anatomy for Pre-Professional Students

    BIO 4801 Advanced Human Anatomy for Pre-Professional Students

    Credit Hours: 3

    A systemic-approach to the anatomy of the human body with an emphasis on advanced and clinical correlations that are relevant to students in professional health care programs, specifically designed for students pursuing graduate professional programs in the medical, dental and health professional field. This course is normally offered every winter and summer semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4802 Advanced Human Anatomy Lab for Pre-Professionals

    BIO 4802 Advanced Human Anatomy Lab for Pre-Professionals

    Credit Hours: 2

    This laboratory course will provide hands-on and interactive activities to allow students to understand the structure and organization of the human body and its organ systems. This course will count toward the upper level laboratory requirements of the Bachelor of Science degree for Biology majors. This course is normally offered every winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 4801 (Minimum Grade of C, May be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4900 Directed Studies: Library Research

    BIO 4900 Directed Studies: Library Research

    Credit Hours: 0 TO 3

    Open only to Biology majors with junior status; registration only by arrangement with the department chair and the permission of the dean of the College. Directed readings in various specialized branches of biology. Papers, oral reports, and examinations are required as evidence of work completed. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4920 Directed Studies: Laboratory Research

    BIO 4920 Directed Studies: Laboratory Research

    Credit Hours: 0 TO 1

    Open only to Biology majors with junior status; registration only by arrangement with the department chair and with the permission of the dean of the College. Independent laboratory studies. Research projects are conducted under the supervision of department faculty. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

  • BIO 4930 Directed Studies: Advanced Laboratory Research

    BIO 4930 Directed Studies: Advanced Laboratory Research

    Credit Hours: 0 TO 2

    Open to Science majors; registration only by instructor permission. Students design and implement scientific experiments under the supervision of department faculty. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

  • BIO 4980 Pathophysiology

    BIO 4980 Pathophysiology

    Credit Hours: 3

    Introductory study of the alteration of physiologic mechanisms responsible for disease. Emphasis is placed on pathogenesis, focusing on morphologic and physiologic manifestations, as well as the rationale of specific disease therapies. The course is designed for pre-professional students. This course is normally offered every fall semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 2600 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • BIO 4801 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 4630 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) OR
    • PAS 1010 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)
  • BIO 4990 Biology and Social Issues

    BIO 4990 Biology and Social Issues

    Credit Hours: 3

    An examination of the effect of science on society and of social attitudes on the practice of science. The course is required of all biology majors during their final year. Open only to Biology majors with senior status. This course is normally offered every fall and winter semester.

    Prerequisites:

    • BIO 1200 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently) AND
    • BIO 1220 (Minimum Grade of C, May not be taken concurrently)